2019年中考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案：回到自来水活动
A lot of people drink bottled water in the world. A water bottle offers great convenience. It can be bought almost anywhere, carried around for a while, and then thrown away.The influence of bottled water on the environment, however, is very big. About 2.7 million tons of plastic is turned into bottles which are only used once each year. This requires a lot of oil and water. It also produces greenhouse gases. Bottled water is often carried for long distances to reach people who buy it. This uses even more fossil fuels(化石燃料) and creates more pollution. Although the bottles can be recycled, only small parts of them are. The United States only recycles about 23 percent. The rest are part of a growing waste problem.
Convenience isn't the only reason for bottled water to become popular. Many people believe that it must be cleaner and healthier than tap water from public water systems. But this is not true. In developed countries such as the United States and some countries in Europe, laws about safe water are often stricter for tap water than for bottled water.
It may come as a surprise that nearly 40 percent of the water bottled in the United States starts from tap water. Before bottling, some companies filter(过滤)it, and they might add some things for taste. What's more, bottled water can cost from 240 to 10, 000 times more than tap water.
“Back to the tap" activities start around the world, In order to save money, use fewer resources, and create less waste, they support using tap water and reusable bottles rather than bottled water. San Francisco and other cities across the United States no longer allow their government departments to buy Many bottled water companies are trying to improve, too. They have reduced the use of plastic in their bottles.
36. What's the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The difficulty of transporting the bottles B. The advantages of bottled water
C. The ways to produce bottled water D. The problem caused by bottled water
37. Why is bottled water popular?
A. Because people think it is the water from nature
B. Because people think it is convenient and safe
C. Because people think it is cheaper than tap water
D. Because people think it can prevent illnesses
38. The underlined word "them" in paragraph 2 means “________”.
A. fossil fuels B. the bottles C. water systems D. greenhouse gases
39. Which of the following is one of the "Back to the tap" activities?
A. Forbid producing the bottled water
B. Support using tap water and reusable bottles
C. Use many resources and create much waste
D. Use many resources and create little waste
40. What's the best title for the passage?
A. “ Back to the tap" activities B. Bottled water or tap water?
C. Let's drink healthy water. D. The water in the USA
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. B 39. B 40. B
【解析】
【分析】
这篇短文给我们介绍的是现在很多人都喜欢喝瓶装水，人们觉得他们用起来很方便，而且水也更干净。但其实瓶装水并不比自来水更干净，而且瓶装水造成了很多的污染和浪费。因此“回到自来水”活动在全世界开始了。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，这一段的中心句是第一句话The influence of bottled water on the environment, however, is very big.，在这一段中作者介绍了瓶装水给环境带来的问题。由此可知应选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据短文第一段中A water bottle offers great convenience以及第三段中Many people believe that it must be cleaner and healthier than tap water from public water systems.可知，人们喜欢瓶装水，是因为他们非常的方便，而且比自来水更干净、更健康。由此可知B选项是符合文意的。故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据划线的这个词所在的句子Although the bottles can be recycled, only small parts of them are可知，这里说的是尽管瓶子可以回收，但只有一小部分可以回收。这里的them代指的是上句话中的the bottles，瓶子，故应选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据短文最后一段中In order to save money, use fewer resources, and create less waste, they support using tap water and reusable bottles rather than bottled water.可知，“回到自来水”这一活动支持使用自来水、可重复使用的瓶子，而不是瓶装水。由此可知B选项是正确的，其他三个选项也同时可以排除。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。这篇短文先从瓶装水的流行开始，然后点明了他们对环境造成的问题，最后提到了“回到自来水”这一活动。因此B选项“瓶装水还是自来水？”这个问题作为题目，能够概括文章的中心，点明文章的主旨，故选B。A选项太片面；C选项没有点明文章的主题；D选项不符合文意。
【点睛】这篇短文给我们讲述的是瓶装水现在很受人们的欢迎，但他们却给环境带来了很多的问题。因此现在开始了一些“回到自来水”的运动。文章主题明确，逻辑性强，阅读时，要注意抓住文章的主旨，分清文章的结构。后面的题目设置有细节理解题和主旨大意题，细节题的答案常可以在原文找到，做题时，要根据题目所问，定位到原文相关地方，搜索有用信息作答。例如第2小题，题目问的是瓶装水流行的原因，这个答案不只出现在原文的一个地方，而是两个地方，在第一段和第三段，根据这两段中的内容可知，人们喜欢瓶装水，一个是因为他们很方面；另一个原因是他们觉得瓶装水比自来水更干净、更健康，这与B选项中的convenient and safe意思是一致的，故应选B。
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