中考英语之实意动词(词组)辨析
1) join / take part in / attend 均有参加的意思join 参加党派或组织
takepart in 参加聚会或活动
attend 出席会议
Mybrother joined the army last year.
Shewill take part in the sports meeting.
Ihave an important meeting to attend.
2) used to do sth / be used to doing sth/ be used to do sth
beused to doing sth 习惯做某事
I’mused to getting up early. 我习惯早起。
beused to do sth 被用来做某事
Pens are used to write. 钢笔被用来写字。
usedto do sth 过去常常做某事
Iused to get up at six in the morning. 我过去经常在早上六点起床。
1) lose / fail / beat / win
lose 输给某人 (lose tosb.)
fail 失败或未做成某事
beat 打败，后接sb. (某支队伍)
Finally,our team beat theirs and won the match.
win 赢得，赢得荣誉、地位、比赛
2) lose / forget / leave
lose 丢失，失去
forget 忘记，忘记做某事：forget to do sth.
leavesth.+ 地点 把某物落在某处
Ileft my key in the office so I cannot get in.
1) speak / say / talk / tell
speak 作及物动词，后加表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言
say 常跟直接引语或者间接引语，并且表示说的内容
talk 是不及物动词，常跟介词to 和with，表示同某人说话，也表示具有说话能力
tell 告诉，常与story连用，意为“讲故事”
Ican speak not only English, but also Chinese.
It’sbad for little girls to tell lies.
Whatdid the president say yesterday?
I’mhungry and I don’t want to talk with you.
2) spend / cost / take / pay
spend 花费时间和金钱，后接on sth.或者（in）doing sth
Mymother always spends much money buying fashionable clothes.
cost 物作主语，意为值多少钱
Thatbeautiful dress cost me about 1,000 yuan.
take 固定句型：It takes 时间 / 金钱 to do sth
Ittook me about two hours to finish my English homework the day before yesterday.
pay 与介词 for连用
Ineedn’t pay so much for the bill.
1) dress / put on / wear都表示“穿”。
dresssb. 给某人穿衣服
dresssb up打扮某人
Theboy dressed himself quickly. 男孩快速地穿上衣服。
puton 穿上，戴上，表动作
Jimput on his coat and went out. 吉姆穿上大衣出去了。
wear 穿着，戴着，表状态，与be in同义。
2) die / dead / death / dying均与“死”有关。
die 死 不及物动词，非延续性动词
dead 死的 形容词，表状态
death 死 名词
dying 垂死的 形容词
Hergrandfather died last year. 她的祖父去年死了。
Hergrandfather has been dead for two years. 她的祖父死了两年了。
Hisdeath was a great loss to China.
他的死对中国来说是个极大的损失。
Thepoor old man was dying. 那个可怜的老人快死了。
1) arrive / get / reach 表示“到达”时的区别
arrivein + 大地点
arriveat+ 小地点
getto + 地点名词
reach是及物动词，后边直接跟地点名词。
2) borrow / lend / keep都表示“借”。
borrow和 lend 都是终止性动词，
borrow表示“借入”，常用短语 borrow sth from sb;
lend表示“借出”，常用短语lend sth to sb.
Keep为持续性动词 “保存；借”，表示“长时间地借”。例：
Howlong can we keep the book? 我们能借这本书多久？
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