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中考英语语法汇总:句子的种类

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发表于 2016-7-29 16:05:25 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  (一)句子种类概述
  句子按种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
  (二)基础知识梳理
  1.陈述句
  陈述句用来说明事实或表示说话人的看法。
  1)陈述句的肯定形式。如:
  We are students.
  We must obey the traffic rules.
  We clean the room every day.
  2)陈述句的否定形式
  把陈述句改为否定句可以归纳为以下三种情况:
  (1)在be,have,will,shall(包括情态动词)后直接加not。如:
  We aren't students.
  You needn't hand in your homework today.
  (2)在助动词do,does,或did后加not,再把它们放在行为动词前面,而行为动词用原形。如:
  We don't clean the room every day.
  (3)否定句可由其他形式表示。如句中出现no,nobody,few,little,neither,hardly,nor,never等。如:
  There are no books on the desk.
  I can hardly answer your question.
  Neither of the twins is a doctor.
  2.疑问句
  疑问句就是提出问题,让对方作出回答。英语中有四种疑问句,即一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
  1)一般疑问句
  用于询问一个事实是否属实,其回答通常是Yes或No。其结构为:
  be,will,have,助动词+主语+(主动词)/宾语
  如:Is she a university teacher?
  Will it be windy tomorrow?
  Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday?
  2)特殊疑问句
  特殊疑问句对句中某一特定部分提问,以特殊疑问词开头根据实际情况,不必用Yes或No回答。常见的特殊疑问词有what,who,whom,when,what,time,where,why,which,whose,how old,how many+可数名词复数,how much+不可数名词,how long,how far,how fast,how soon等。其结构为:
  疑问句+一般疑问句语句
  如:Who has lunch fastest at school in our class?
  What are you doing now?
  How long have you lived here?
  3)选择疑问句
  选择疑问句通常提供两种或两种以上情况,询问对方选择哪一种。回答时选择一种,不必用Yes或No。
  一般疑问句+A or B
  如:Is there any coffee or water in the cup?
  Do you often play basketball or play the piano?
  特殊疑问句,A or B? 或A,B or C?
  如:Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?
  Which do you like better, the record or the ball?
  4)反意疑问句
  由两部分组成,前半句为陈述句,后半句是一个附着在前半句上的简短问句,回答时用Yes或No。它的构成和回答主要如下:
  (1)肯定陈述句+否定附加疑问部分?
  如:They are interested in collecting stamps, aren't they?
  一Yes,they are. 是的,他们对集邮感兴趣的。
  一No,they aren't. 不,他们对集邮不感兴趣的。
  (2)否定陈述句+肯定附加疑问部分?
  如:Tom didn't pass the exam, did he?
  一Yes,he did. 不,他通过考试。
  一No,he didn't. 9是,他没通过。
  3.祈使句
  祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。
  1)祈使句的肯定结构
  如:Come in,please.
  Let me have a try.
  Let's go to the cinema together.
  2)祈使句的否定结构是在动词前面加上don't,
  如: Don't be late for school.
  Don't walk on the grass.
  4.感叹句
  1) 感叹句表达说话人说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪。它常由what或how开头或引导。
  感叹词What+强调部分(名词)+主语+动词谓语
  如:What a mess picture it is!
  What an exciting film we saw yesterday!
  2) 感叹词How+强调部分(形容词或副词)+主语+动词谓语
  如:How wonderful the film is!
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