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初中英语语法五大基本句型

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发表于 2016-7-29 16:06:38 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
  句型一:主语+不及物动词
  不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念, 不需要宾语及补语, 但有时可有副词, 介词短语等状语修饰语。
  e.g. The rain stopped .
  The old man walks in the park .
  句型一的扩展:1.主语+不及物动词+状语
  e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)
  2.There +不及物动词+主语
  e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .
  There comes the bus .
  3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
  e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)
  特别提醒
  动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时,通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。
  e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
  句型二 :主语+系动词+表语
  系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语。
  e.g. My sister is a nurse .
  I feel quite hungry .
  The ball is under the desk .
  句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语
  及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。
  e.g. We are learning English .
  Do you know him ?
  Your radio needs repairing .
  She hopes to see her uncle.
  句型四:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
  有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
  e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
  Give me the book, please.
  特别提醒
  A. 在此句型中, 通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语(物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。
  e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .
  Give the book to me , please .
  直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词有:
  give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)
  间接宾语前加介词for的动词有:
  buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)
  B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。
  e.g. I handed it to our teacher .
  不能说:I handed our teacher it .
  C. 此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况。
  e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
  a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
  b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
  句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
  及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一个名词,形容词,副词, 动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。
  e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.
  The news made us sad.
  She saw the thief steal into the shop .
  The teacher asked me to answer the question .
  I found the man stealing the money .
  I found my money stolen .
  特别提醒
  A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
  B. 在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得),see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式, 则省掉"to",但变为被动语态时, 则要带"to".
  e.g. We hear her sing next door.
  She is heard to sing next door .
  C. 此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况。
  e.g. They saw him steal the old man's money.
  He was seen to steal the old man's money
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