中考政治时事：外国人眼里中国近五年的飞速度发展（双语）

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　　中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会于10月18日在北京召开。五年耕耘、砥砺奋进，中国的发展受到全球瞩目，国外媒体也在密切关注着中国的变化，他们是如何看待中国近年来在各方面取得的成就呢?一起来看看吧。
        　　Poverty relief
        　　扶贫
        　　An ambitious poverty reduction campaign is seeking to change this, ensuring
by 2020 that no one is living in poverty - defined by the government as less
than 2,300 yuan ($349) a year.
        　　中国政府正试图通过一项雄心勃勃的扶贫项目来改变这一状况，确保到2020年全部脱贫(中国政府划定的贫困线是年收入低于2300元)。
        　　China has lifted hundreds of millions of its citizens out of poverty over
the past few decades, but doing the same for groups like the Yi poses a
different set of challenges.
        　　在过去的几十年里，中国已经帮助数亿国民摆脱贫困，但在彝族等少数民族的扶贫工作上却面临着一系列不同的挑战。
        　　From road building to subsidies, the central government has spent large
amounts of money on poverty relief in places like Liangshan.
        　　从修路到补助金，中央政府对大凉山等地区投入了大量扶贫资金。
        　　-- Reuters: "China's ethnic Yi struggle against poverty" (Aug 10, 2017)
        　　路透社：“中国彝族与贫困的斗争”(2017年8月10日)
        　　China has been a hero of the world’s poverty-reduction efforts. It has
eradicated poverty in cities and reduced the number of rural people below the
official poverty line of 2,300 yuan a year from 775m in 1980 to 43m in 2016. Its
aim now is to have no one under the line by 2020.
        　　中国一直是世界减贫运动中的英雄。该国已经消除了城市贫困人口，同时也把农村贫困线(年收入2300元)以下的人口从1980年的7.75亿减少到2016年的4300万。现在，他们的目标是到2020年，所有人都能脱贫。
        　　The system that Minning pioneered is now spreading throughout China. It
focuses on poor individuals, and on drawing up specific plans for each, rather
than merely helping poor places to develop in the hope that wealth will trickle
down to the poorest. Other countries are trying this, too, but China is one of
the few developing nations to do it well.
        　　闽宁镇试点的这套扶贫措施正在全中国推广，它精确到每个贫困户，为每户制定不同的脱贫计划，而不是简单地帮扶地方，再寄望于涓滴效应来带动底层贫困人口。其他国家也在尝试这种做法，但是中国是少数几个能把这个举措执行好的发展中国家。

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        　　Education
        　　教育
        　　The surge in the number of African students in China is remarkable. In less
than 15 years the African student body has grown 26-fold -- from just under
2,000 in 2003 to almost 50,000 in 2015.
        　　来中国学习的非洲留学生数量显著上升。在不到15年的时间里，中国非洲留学生人数增长了26倍，从2003年的不到2000人增加至2015年的近5万人。
        　　According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, the US and UK host around
40,000 African students a year. China surpassed this number in 2014, making it
the second most popular destination for African students studying abroad, after
France which hosts just over 95,000 students.
        　　据联合国教科文组织统计研究所称，美国和英国每年接收约4万名非洲留学生。2014年，中国超过这一数字，成为非洲留学生的第二大人气目的地，仅次于法国。法国每年接收的非洲学生超过95000人。
        　　African students in France overwhelmingly come from francophone West
Africa. If Tsinghua's profile holds true for the larger African student body in
China, it means China is an increasingly important player in the education of
countries outside of West Africa.
        　　法国的非洲留学生绝大多数来自西非法语国家。如果清华大学的非洲留学生情况能代表在中国的非洲留学生整体情况的话，那么这意味着中国在西非以外国家的教育领域扮演了越来越重要的角色。

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        　　Going green
        　　绿色发展
        　　As the Trump administration yanks the US out of the Paris climate change
agreement, claiming it will hurt the American economy, Beijing is investing
hundreds of billions of dollars and creating millions of jobs in clean
power.
        　　特朗普政府决定美国从《巴黎协定》中抽身，声称该气候变化协议会破坏美国经济之时，中国政府正斥资数百亿美元，在清洁能源领域创造数百万个工作岗位。
        　　China has built vast solar and wind farms, helping fuel the growth of major
industries that sell their products around the world.
        　　中国已经建造了大量的太阳能和风能发电厂，从而推动主要产业发展，将中国的产品销往世界各地。
        　　More than 2.5 million people work in the solar power sector alone in China,
compared with 260,000 people in the US, according to the most recent annual
report from the International Renewable Energy Agency.
        　　根据国际可再生能源组织的最新年度报告，中国仅在太阳能领域就拥有超过250万从业者，而这一数字在美国仅为26万。
        　　While President Trump promises to put American coal miners back to work,
China is moving in the opposite direction.
        　　当特朗普总统承诺让美国的煤矿工人重返工作岗位时，中国正在反其道而行之。
        　　To help reach the 2030 goal, China is betting big on renewable energy. It
pledged in January to invest 2.5 trillion yuan ($367 billion) in renewable power
generation -- solar, wind, hydro and nuclear -- by 2020.
        　　为实现2030年远景目标，中国在可再生能源领域下了重金。1月份，中国承诺到2020年在太阳能、风能、水力及核能等可再生能源发电方面投入2.5万亿元。
        　　--CNN: "China is crushing the US in renewable energy" (July 18, 2017)
        　　美国有线电视新闻网：“中国在可再生能源领域碾压美国”(2017年7月18日)
        　　Chinese authorities will roll out a new pollution alert system for regions
ranging from the cleanest "green non-alert zones" to the most severe "red"
zones, where the environment and natural resources are severely strained.
        　　中国政府将发布新的污染预警体系，覆盖范围从最清洁的“绿色非预警区域”到环境和自然资源遭受严重破坏的“红色”区域。
        　　--Reuters: "China to halt new projects in pollution 'Red Zones'" (Sept 20,
2017)
        　　路透社：“中国叫停污染“红色区域”新项目”(2017年9月20日)

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        　　SOE reform
        　　国企改革
        　　All major Chinese enterprises owned by the central government will be
turned into limited liability companies or joint-stock firms by the end of the
year as part of reforms aimed at overhauling their unwieldy structures.
        　　作为国企改革的举措之一，所有大型国企都将在年底前改制为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。改革是对国企冗余的制度结构进行全面革新。
        　　Restructuring State-owned enterprises (SOEs) will separate government
administration from management of day-to-day business operations, one step
toward greater efficiency.
        　　国有企业改制将政府与企业的日常经营管理分开，以进一步提高企业效率。
        　　The Party's leadership will help protect employees' legal rights and ensure
the stability of corporate reforms, the cabinet said.
        　　中国政府称，中国共产党的领导将有助于保护员工的合法权利，确保企业改革的稳定。
        　　--Reuters: "China's state firms to shed old corporate governance structures
by end-2017" (July 26, 2017)
        　　路透社：“中国国企年内将完成改制”(2017年7月26日)

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        　　Infrastructure development
        　　基础设施建设
        　　With the new-generation high-speed bullet train Fuxing (meaning
rejuvenation) put into service for key cities last month, travelling time from
Tianjin Railway Station to Beijing South Station will be cut from 30 minutes to
under 25 minutes.
        　　今年9月，新一代高速列车“复兴号”在中国主要城市投入使用，从北京南站到天津的车程将从30分钟缩短至25分钟以内。
        　　Fully designed and manufactured in China, the Fuxing trains, which can hit
a top speed of 400 km/h, will run at 350 km/h from Thursday - faster than
Japan's famous Shinkansen trains at 300 km/h, and France's TGV (Train à Grande
Vitesse), the world's fastest so far with operating speeds of 320 km/h.
        　　“复兴号”动车组列车的设计制造全部由中国完成，最高速度可以达到400公里/小时，“复兴号”从9月21日起以350公里/小时的速度行驶，比300公里/小时的日本新干线和法国高速铁路系统(TGV)都要快，法国高速铁路运行速度为320公里/小时，此前为世界上运行速度最快的列车。
        　　-- The Straits Times: "China's rail ambitions run at full speed" (Sept 19,
2017)
        　　新加坡《海峡时报》：“中国铁路雄心全速前进”
        　　The countries of Europe and Asia are increasingly integrating together
economically, logistically and politically via China's Belt and Road Initiative
(BRI) and the various other endeavors of the broader New Silk Road, opening the
gateway for a paradigm-shifting renaissance of technological innovation across
the region. Trans-Eurasian transportation networks are being unified and
streamlined, IT infrastructures are being upgraded and fused together, energy
capacity is being boosted manyfold, and new types of problems are creating the
opportunity for new types of technological solutions.
        　　在中国的“一带一路”倡议和其他相关努力之下，欧洲和亚洲国家的经济、物流、政治的联系日益紧密，为“一带一路”相关地区技术革新带来了翻天覆地的变化。跨亚欧运输网络更加精简统一，信息技术基础设施也得到升级，并进一步融合。能源总量成倍增长，新类型问题正在为新技术解决方案创造机会。
        　　-- Forbes: "How China's Belt And Road Sparked A Renaissance Of
Transportation Innovation" (Sept 13, 2017)
        　　《福布斯》：“中国的‘一带一路’如何带来交通运输创新”

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        　　Anti-corruption campaign
        　　反腐行动
        　　Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa says he's learnt some lessons from the
Chinese on how to fight corruption and ensure openness and transparency.
        　　南非副总统西里尔·拉马福萨表示，他向中国学到了进行反腐、保证权力运行公开透明的经验。
        　　Ramaphosa says South Africa will need to deal with corruption decisively or
people will be confined to poverty for generations to come.
        　　拉马福萨说，南非打击腐败行为需要有决断力，否则南非将世代受贫困之困扰。
        　　-- Eyewitness News: "Ramaphosa praises China for anti-corruption lessons"
(Sept 8, 2017)
        　　目击者新闻网：“南非副总统拉马福萨盛赞中国的反腐经验” (2017年9月8日)