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2018中考英语知识点梳理:定语从句讲解

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发表于 2018-6-1 20:27:03 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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                【考点扫描】
                中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
                1.定语从句的功用和结构
                2.关系代词和关系副词的功用
                3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
                考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。
                【名师精讲】
                一. 定语从句的功用和结构
                在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:
                This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
                Do you know everybody who came to the party?
                I still remember the night when I first came to the village?
                This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
                二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用
                关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。
                1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:
                I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
                The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
                2. 作宾语:
                She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
                The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
                3. 作定语
                关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:
                What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
                The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
                4. 作状语
                I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
                This is the house where I was born.
                三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
                1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:
                The person who broke the window must pay for it.
                The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
                2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:
                Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
                Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
                3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:
                The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
                I know the boy whose father is a professor.
                4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:
                A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
                Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
                5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
                I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
                Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
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    发表于 2018-6-1 22:04:47 | 显示全部楼层

           


  •                  
             
               6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
                I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
                He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
                7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
                This is the house where we lived last year.
                The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
                四. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
                That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room
                which we had lived in for ten years.
                五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
                1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:
                (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如:
                All that he said is true.
                (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如:
                He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
                (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:
                He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
                (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
                This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
                (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:
                He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
                2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况:
                (1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如:
                The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
                (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:
                The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
            2018中考英语知识点梳理大汇总
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