2019年中考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案：健康问题

中考网

　　When you feel a sneeze（喷嚏）or cough coming on, covering your mouth prevents the spread of germs(细菌). You probably knew that.
       
        　　But how to cover your mouth is very important. You might use tissues(纸巾), and put your used tissues into the bin. “If you don’t have tissues, you should sneeze into your elbow, not your hand, even if you are used to doing that.” The doctors advised.
       
        　　“If somebody sneezes into his hands, those germs will be passed on to other people, or other objects that people touch.” said Dr. Hill.
       
        　　Germs are most commonly spread by sneezing and coughing. When they land on your hands, they are passed from hands to things like bills, door knobs(扶手), elevator buttons（电梯按钮） and other surfaces. At the same time, the people around you can touch them.
       
        　　This isn’t nagging（唠叨）. The Centers for Disease Control also suggest that sneezing and coughing into your elbow is necessary. Even the New York City subway officers ask the passengers to “cough or sneeze into elbow or use a tissue.”
       
        　　“The suggestion was taken seriously about 10 years ago. However, most people didn’t pay much attention to it. That means the adults may have missed the advice. But children are often taught in school the right way to cough or sneeze.” Dr. Benjamin said.
       
        　　To be clear, people can’t keep away from all the risks in this way, but it’s the best choice. At the same time, we’d better wear masks（口罩） and often wash our hands. “Hand washing is one of the most important things people can do to keep healthy.” Dr. Hill said.
       
        　　31. According to this passage, when sneezing or coughing, you’d better NOT         .
       
        　　A. sneeze into your elbow
       
        　　B. cover your mouth with tissues
       
        　　C. use your hand to cover mouth
       
        　　D. put the used tissues in the bin
       
        　　32. If you sneeze or cough into hands, germs can spread through the following activities EXEPT      .
       
        　　   

102902_5baee36ea607802.jpg

          　　      A.                          B.                           C.                            D.
       
        　　33. Which is NOT true according to the passage?
       
        　　A. The New York City subway officers ask passengers to use a tissue.
       
        　　B. The adult may be used to sneezing into their elbow.
       
        　　C. The children are often taught in school the right way to cough or sneeze.
       
        　　D. Wearing masks is a good way to keep away from germs.
       
        　　34. What’s the main purpose of this article?         .
       
        　　A. To tell us the correct way to cover mouth when sneezing or coughing.
       
        　　B. To tell us how to prevent the spread of germs.
       
        　　C. To tell us it’s necessary to sneeze or cough into elbow.
       
        　　D. To tell us how to keep away from all risks.
       
        　　35. In which layout(版面) of the newspaper can we find this kind of passage?         .
       
        　　A. Health    B. Sports    C. Business    D. Education

zksix

                 
       
        　　【答案】31. C    32. D    33. B    34. B    35. A
       
        　　【解析】
       
        　　这是一篇有关健康方面的文章。告诉我们打喷嚏或咳嗽时最好不要用手捂住嘴，因为细菌会落到手上，它们会从手中传递到纸币、门把手、电梯按钮等其他物体的表面而传播给他人。只有及时洗手才能洗掉细菌，防止细菌传播。戴口罩也是有效防止细菌传播的好方法。
       
        　　【31题详解】
       
        　　细节理解题。根据文中句子“If you don’t have tissues, you should sneeze into your elbow, not your hand. If somebody sneezes into his hands, those germs will be passed on to other people, or other objects that people touch.”可知，打喷嚏或咳嗽时，最好不要用手捂住嘴，如果打喷嚏到手上，这些病菌就会传染给其他人或其他人接触的物体。故答案选C。
       
        　　【32题详解】
       
        　　细节理解题。根据第四段中的句子“Germs are most commonly spread by sneezing and coughing. When they land on your hands, they are passed from hands to things like bills, door knobs(扶手), elevator buttons（电梯按钮） and other surfaces.”可知，打喷嚏和咳嗽时用手捂嘴，细菌会落到手上，它们会从手中传递到纸币、门把手、电梯按钮和其他的表面。因此电梯按钮、握手和门把手都是细菌的传播途径，只有及时洗手才能洗掉细菌，防止细菌传播，答案为D。
       
        　　【33题详解】
       
        　　判断正误题。根据Even the New York City subway officers ask the passengers to “cough or sneeze into elbow or use a tissue.”就连纽约地铁官员也要求乘客“咳嗽或打喷嚏到肘部或使用纸巾。A正确；根据If you don’t have tissues, you should sneeze into your elbow, not your hand, even if you are used to doing that.可知，以前人们打喷嚏或咳嗽时，习惯用手捂住嘴，B答案错误；根据But children are often taught in school the right way to cough or sneeze.可知，孩子们经常在学校里被教授一些咳嗽或打喷嚏的正确方法。C答案正确；根据At the same time, we’d better wear masks（口罩）and often wash our hands.可知，戴口罩也是远离细菌的好方法。D答案也是正确的。不正确的只有B。
       
        　　【34题详解】
       
        　　主旨大意题。根据短文开头的句子When you feel a sneeze（喷嚏）or cough coming on, covering your mouth prevents the spread of germs(细菌).可知，本文主要通过打喷嚏和咳嗽时应该如何做来告诉我们如何防止细菌的传播这一目的。故答案选B。
       
        　　【35题详解】
       
        　　推理判断题。根据短文最后的句子“Hand washing is one of the most important things people can do to keep healthy.”可知，短文主要介绍了如何有效防止细菌的传播，最大限度地保持身体健康。是有关健康方面的文章，故答案选A。