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2016年长沙中考英语单词、短语总结(一)

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发表于 2016-7-6 10:45:24 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  ◆1.cost/take/spend/pay花费
       
          花费时间做某事:It takes sbsometime to do sth.=sb spend sometime(in)doing sth.=sb spend some time on sth.
       
          某人花钱买某物: sb spendsome money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sthcost sb . some money .
       
          ※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人, cost 主语是物。
       
          ※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ?
       
          The sweater ________ me 90 yuan . =I_______ 90 yuan for the sweater .=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater .
       
          He spent lots of money ________ themobilephone .
       
          It ________ her 20 minutes to go homeeveryday . = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day .
       
          ◆2 . thanks for为…而感谢
       
          ⑴ ______inviting me to your birthday party .
       
          thanks to 多亏/由于
       
          ⑵______ your help.I got good grades .
       
          ◆3 . 感叹句:多么… what + 名词
       
          how + 形容词 / 副词
       
          ⑴. ______ badweather !⑵. ______ hard he works !
       
          ⑶. ______ freshvegetables ! ⑷. ______ cuteamonkey it is !
       
          ◆4 . 因为、由于: because( 连词 ) +从句: ( 表示原因 )
       
          because of(介词短语) + 名词(短语 )= thanks to
       
          ⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache .
       
          He was late for class ______ the badweather.
       
          He can’t come _____ heisill .
       
          Many people have a cold _____ thecoldweather .
       
          ※because和 so不能同时连用 .
       
          ◆5 . 来自: be from = come from
       
          ⑴ Where areyou from ? = Where ______ you ______ ______ ?
       
          ⑵ He is fromTibet . = He ______ ______ Tibet .
       
          ◆6 . How often 对频率提问( 多久一次) →回答用表示频率的副词或短语
       
          How long 对一段时间提问 (多久 ) →回答用表示一段时间的状语
       
          How soon 对将来时间提问 ( 多久 ) →回答用 in+时间段
       
          How far 询问多长距离(多长)
       
          ⑴- ______ haveyou been collecting the kites ? -For ten years .
       
          ⑵- ______ do yougo shopping ? -Sometimes.
       
          ⑶ - ______will your father come back ? - In two years .
       
          ⑷- _____ do youexercise ? - Once a week .
       
          ⑸- _____ is itfrom your home to school ? - About ten miles .
       
          ⑹- _____ are youstaying there ? - Two weeks .
       
          ◆7 . 乘交通工具: take a / the +交通工具在句中作谓语
       
          by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语
       
          交通工具有:train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…
       
          ⑴ He takes abus to bank .= He goes to bank by bus . = He goes tobank on a bus .
       
          ⑵ I walk toschool . = I go to school ______ .
       
          ※骑自行车、马或驴用ride : ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey inone’s car
       
          ◆8 . 对不起: Excuse me (劳驾,客套话)
       
          Sorry ( 表示道歉 )
       
          ⑴ ______.Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ?
       
          ⑵–Would you mindcleaning your room ? - ______ . I’ll do itrightaway .
       
          ⑶- Don’t eat in class . - _____ . Ms Clark .
       
          ⑷ _____ , isthis the way to the station ?
       
          ◆9 . 声音: sound ( 自然界各种声音 )
       
          noise(噪音)
       
          voice(悦耳的声音:嗓子)
       
          ⑴Lucy has a sweet______ . ⑵That ______ like agood idea .
       
          ⑶Don’t make ______ . The baby is sleeping .
       
          ◆10 . look like (外貌看起来像… )
       
          be like ( 性格像… )
       
          ⑴Lily _____ _____Lucy . Oh , they are twins .
       
          ⑵ Tony______ ______ a monkey because he is cute and playful .
       
          ◆11 . take… to …带去
       
          bring…to …带来
       
          fetch 没有方向性(强调来回)
       
          ⑴ Tony .______ the ball here .Please .
       
          ⑵ My fatheroften ______ me ______ concerts on Sundays .
       
          ⑶ ______your homework _____ school tomorrow .
       
          ◆12. 一些: some 用于肯定句
       
          any 用于否定句和疑问句
       
          ⑴ I’d like ______ milk .
       
          ⑵–Would you like______ yogurt ?
       
          _ Thanks . I don’t want______ .
       
          ※在一般疑问句中,认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到对方肯定回答时,也用some .
       
          ◆13. 多少: How many修饰可数名词复数
       
          How much 修饰不可数名词
       
          ⑴ ______juice do you want ? ⑵ ______apples doyou want ?
       
          ⑶- ______is theT-shirt ? –It’s 30 yuan .
       
          ※ How much可对价钱提问:How much are the potatoes ?
       
          ◆14.看 :see 强调看的结果
       
          look ( at ) 不及物动词,强调看的动作
       
          watch 观看:比赛、电视、表演、电影
       
          read 读,朗读:看书、看报、看信、看杂志
       
          ⑴Don’t______ in bed .
       
          ⑵ We will______ a basketball game this evening .
       
          ⑶ Please ______the blackboard . Everyone .
       
          ⑷ I ______ abird in the tree yesterday .
       
          ※On Saturdaynight . I saw an interesting talk show .
       
          On Saturday evening . several kidswatcheda movie . watch a movie =go to a movie
       
          ◆15. stop doingsth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking.
       
          stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事
       
          ⑴ The girlsoon stopped ______ (cry ) . ⑵ Hewastired and stopped ______ (have ) a rest .
       
          ◆16. forget /remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作:
       
          △forget /remember to do sth(忘记/记得去做某事)→ Heforgot to turn off the light .(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post officeafter school .
       
          forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作:
       
          △forget /remember doing sth(忘记/记得做过某事)→ Heforgot turningoff the light .(已做过关灯的动作) Don’t you rememberseeing the man before ?
       
          ◆17. 到达… reach + 地点
       
          get to + 地点 reach = get to
       
          arrive + in + 大地点
       
          arrive + at + 小地点
       
          ⑴ He reachedLondon yesterday . = He ______ to London yesterday . =He ______ in Londonyesterday .
       
          ⑵ Shearrived ______ the bus station just now . ⑶ Youshould______ ( get ) home on time .
       
          ※当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时,都不加介词。如:get home get there 省略 to
       
          ◆18. 擅长,在…方面做得好: be good at = do well in .
       
          ⑴ She isgood at chemistry . = She ______ ______ ______ chemistry .
       
          ⑵ Niuniu isgood at ______ the violin . = Niuniu ______ well in______ the violin .
       
          ⑶ Lucy andLily are twin girls .Lucy is better ______ dancing thanLily .but Lily ___________ in singing than Lucy .
       
          ◆19. win (赢得 )接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize
       
          beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。
       
          ⑴ Which team______ the football match ?
       
          ⑵ Wang Hao______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Men’s Singles .
       
          ◆20. 借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb .sth 向某人借某物→borrow借入
       
          lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出
       
          keep延续性动词 ,与一段时间连用。
       
          ⑴ Can youlend me your bike ? = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ?
       
          ⑵ You canborrow some money ____ your brother . = You can borrowyourbrother ____ ____.
       
          ⑶ - How longcan I ______ the book ?
       
          - You can _____ it for two weeks .
       
          ※类似用法的还有:buy — have put on — wear become — be
       
          leave — be away from open — be openbegin — be on
       
          die — be deadreturn — be back
       
          ① become Hehas ______ a doctor .
       
          He has ______ a doctor for 10 years .
       
          ② begin Thefilm has ______ .
       
          The film has _________ for ten minutes .
       
             
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