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(一)名词的分类
名词分为普通名词和专有名词，其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词要注意单复数。
(二)名词的数
1、可数名词与不可数名词
A、不可数名词，中学阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点：
1)前无冠，后无复;作主语为三单.
2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of
eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [ ]
A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many
There is some_______ on the plate. [ ]
A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer
2、可数名词的复数
A、规则变化
1)
2)
3)
4)
B、不规则变化：
man——menm, woman——women，policeman——policemen, foot——feet， tooth——teeth, child——children，mouse—mice，Ox—Oxen, mouse—mice
注意：
① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes
② 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese
③ 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 (man doctor — men doctors)
④ reef—reefs
⑤ “某国人”的复数：口诀是“
eg. German—Germans
⑥有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。
eg:
cloth布——,a cloth桌布、抹布;
sand沙——sands沙滩;
tea茶——a tea一杯茶;
orange橘汁——an orange橘子;
glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯，glasses眼镜;
paper纸——a paper试卷、论文;
wood木头——a wood小森林;
room空间、余地——a room房间
fruit ——fruits ;food ——foods ;fish ——fishes ;drink ——a drink ;
3、名词所有格：名词’s (意思是 “……的”)
A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”;
注意：
1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”
Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲
Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.
2)以s结尾的词只加“ ’ ”
eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father
3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导
eg. the leg of the desk
4)双重所有格：a friend of my father’s
a friend of mine ( √ ) a friend of my( × )
口诀：
练 习
一、写出下列词的复数
1.book______ 2.bus ______ 3.orange _______
4.baby______ 5.boy______ 6.my ________
7.his_______ 8.knife______ 9.watch________
10.sheep ______ 11. tooth _____ 12. leaf ____
13.German__________ 14.Chinese_________
二、选择正确的答案
( )1.—Are those ______?
---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.
A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow
C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows
( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.
A. two orange B. two bottles of orange
C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges
( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?
A. a very good B. any
C. a piece of D. two pieces
( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.
A. 20 minutes’ walk B. 20 minute’s walk
C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk
( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him ____.
A. Mr. Green B. Mr. Allan
C. Mr. James D. James Green
( )7.Jack and Tom are ____.
A. good friends B. good friend
C. a good friend D. good a friend
( )8.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.
A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minute
( )9.He often has ____ for breakfast.
A. two breads B. two piece of breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
( )10.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.
A. childs B. child C. children’s D. children
( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.
A. two months holiday B. two months’ holiday
C. two-month holiday D. two month’s holidays
( )12.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ to do.
A. works B. job C. work D. working
( )13.Li Lei is a friend of ___.
A. I sister B. my sister’s
C. me sister D. my sister of
( )14.Have you read ____?
A. today’s B. today paper
C. the today’s paper D. today’s paper
( )15.How many ___ are there in the room?
A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes
( )16.Many ____ have been built in our city since 1987.
A. factorys B. factories
C. factoryes D. factorys
( )17.There are lots of ___ in the basket on the table .
A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss
( )18.The cat caught two ___ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
( )19.Jack went to have two ___ pulled out yesterday afternoon.
A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes
( )20.In our school there are fifty-five ___.
A. women teachers B. woman teachers
C. women teacher D. woman’s teacher
( )21.The three ___ will be put into prison.
A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs’
练习题答案：
1——5 ABCBD 6—10 AACCD
11—15 CCBDA 16—21 BCBCAC
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发表于 2016-7-29 16:11:54