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名词表示人或事物的名称.
一、名词的分类
专有名词：John / China
普通名词：可数名词 个体名词：book / table / horse
集体名词：family / class / police
不可数名词 物质名词water / rice / snow
抽象名词：health / knowledge / love
◆专有名词: 表示具体的人、物、地点、节日等，通常由一个名词或一个词组构成:Jenny / Hong Kong / Christmas Day首字母要大写，但专有名词中的虚词(冠词、介词)的第一个字母不用大写:the Great Wall
二、可数名词(可以用数来计量)的复数
⒈ 规则变化
① 一般直接加-s .如：boy → boys cup → cups
② 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,结尾加-es, 如：watch → watches box → boxes
③ 以“辅音字母+y ”结尾变y为i再加-es.如：story → stories baby → babies
④ 以f,fe结尾变f,fe为ves .如：knife → knives wife → wives thief → thieves
leaf → leaves scarf → scarves life → lives half → halves roof → roofs
⑤ 以o 结尾 加-s 如：radio → radios photo → photos piano → pianos zoo → zoos
加-es 如：hero → heroes potato → potatoes tomato → tomatoes
英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。
⒉ 不规则变化
① 单复数同形：sheep → sheep fish → fish Chinese → Chinese Japanese → Japanese deer → deer yuan → yuan dollar → dollars
② 只有复数形式：clothes glasses chopsticks goods trousers pants shorts
③ 特殊变化：child → children foot → feet tooth → teeth mouse → mice man → men woman → women toothbrush → toothbrushes
④ 复合名词的复数形式：
a. 当有man和woman时，前后两部分都变成复数形式a man doctor → two men doctors a woman teacher → three women teachers
b. 其他只变最后一个名词为复数形式 an apple tree → lots of apple trees beef and tomato noodles
三、不可数名词(不可以用数来计量)的计量
⒈ 可数名词表示具体的数量，可以直接用数词来修饰：two apples ten persons
⒉ 不可数名词必须与表示数量的名词连用，构成：数词+量词+of+不可数名词
a piece of bread two cups of coffee three glasses of milk four boxes of chalk five bags of rice six drops of water seven pieces of news eight pairs of glasses
四、名词所有格:表示名词之间的所有关系，连接两个名词
两种形式：’s所有格→Beijing is China’s capital.
of所有格→Beijing is the capital of China.
⒈ 有生命名词所有格：一般加-’s. Tom’s desk Children’s Day
以s结尾的复数名词只加’ teachers’ office students’ books
◆如果一样东西为两人共同所有，则在最后一个名词上加-’s(共有)This is Mary and Lily’s room . / He is Tom and Tim’s father .
如果表示各自所有，则两个名词词尾分别加-’s(分别有)These are Mary’s and Lily’s rooms./These are Tom’s and Tim’s books .
⒉ 无生命名词所有格 : 名词+of+名词 the map of China / the door of the room
◆双重所有格
of +名词所有格：He is friend of my brother’s .
of+名词性物主代词：This is a book of mine .
五、可数名词与不可数名词的修饰词
修饰可数名词：many / a few / few (There are many trees .)
修饰不可数名词：much / a little / little (We have much homework to do .)
共有的：some / any / a lot of / lots of /plenty of
提问：可数名词→How many bananas do you need ?
不可数名词→How much yogurt do you need ?
◆不可数名词没有复数形式，不能用a,an修饰，也不能用many,few,several等修饰。不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数。如：The honey is very sweet .
◆有些名词需要用复数形式作定语。
a clothes shop sports meeting glasses store
名词的句法功能
作主语：Math is my favorite subject .
作宾语：I bought a computer last year .
作表语：He is a clever student .
作宾补：We call him Uncle Wang .
作定语：There’re some apple trees over there .
作状语：I go to school every day .
作呼语：Hello ,boys and girls .
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发表于 2016-6-28 22:11:57