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2019年武汉中考英语关于定语从句的考查

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发表于 2018-9-19 22:08:08 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  一、定语从句的功用和结构
       
          在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:
       
          This is the present that he gave me for my birthday
       
          二、关系代词和关系副词的功用
       
          关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。
       
          1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如: 
       
          I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
       
          The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
       
          2. 作宾语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
       
          The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
       
          3. 作定语
       
          关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:
       
          What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
       
          The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
       
          4. 作状语     
       
          I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
       
          三、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
       
          1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:
       
          The person who broke the window must pay for it.
       
          The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
       
          2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:
       
          Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
       
          Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
       
          3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:
       
          The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
       
          I know the boy whose father is a professor.
       
          4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:
       
          A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
       
          Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
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发表于 2018-9-19 22:55:04 | 显示全部楼层

                       
       
          5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
       
          I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
       
          Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
       
          6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
       
          I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
       
          He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
       
          7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
       
          This is the house where we lived last year.
       
          The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
       
          四、关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
       
          That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room
       
          which we had lived in for ten years.
       
          五、具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
       
          1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:
       
          (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如:All that he said is true.
       
          (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如:
       
          He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
       
          (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:
       
           He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
       
          (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
       
          This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
       
          (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:
       
          He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
       
          2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况:
       
          (1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如:
       
          The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
       
          (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:
       
          The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
       
          考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。
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