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2019年中考英语知识点梳理:主谓一致讲解

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发表于 2018-10-22 22:32:40 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  【考点直击】
            1. 语法一致的原则
            2. 意义一致的原则
            3. 邻近一致的原则
            【名师点睛】
            谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓
            一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
            1. 语法一致的原则
            (1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:
            He goes to school early every morning.
            The children are playing outside.
            To work hard is necessary for a student.
            (2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
            Both he and I are right.
            Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
            但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:
            His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
            The poet and writer has come.
            (3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
            In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
            Each man and each woman is asked to help.
            (4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:
            The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
            Nobody but two boys was late for class.
            Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
            (5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:
            A lot of people are dancing outside.
            The police are looking for lost boy.
            (6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:
            Is everybody ready?
            Somebody is using the phone.
            (7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
            Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
            Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
            如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:
            Here are some new pairs of shoes.
            My new pair of socks is on the bed.
            2. 意义一致的原则
            (1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:
            Twenty years is not a long time.
            Ten dollars is too dear.
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发表于 2018-10-22 23:46:10 | 显示全部楼层

                       
         
             (2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:
            My family is big one.
            My family are watching TV.
            (3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:
            All of the work has been finished.
            All of the people have gone.
            (4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:
            Who is your brother?
            Who are League members?
            (5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:
            It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
            Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
            (6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:
            I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
            Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
            (7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
            What she said is correct.
            What she left me are a few old books.
            (8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
            The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
            The dead is a famous person.
            3. 邻近一致的原则
            (1)由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:
            Either you or I am right.
            Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
            (2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
            There are two apples and one egg in it.
            (3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。
            He as well as I is responsible for it.
            不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。
            (4)以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
            Here is a letter and some books for you.
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