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中考英语语法讲解第一讲—名词

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发表于 2016-7-2 19:52:56 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  第1讲:名词
          名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了,我们吃的food,喝的drinks,穿的clothes 都是名词。It is easy, right? 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的,到底该怎么用呢?OK,follow me。
          First, 名词复数的特殊变化。
          普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es,可是偏偏有一些名词不听话,变化不规则。这些小调皮是:
          a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾,复数要加-es;
          b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es;
          c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es;
          d. 以-o结尾的名词,一般来说,末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s,我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词,变复数加-es。如:tomato, hero, potato,当然其中的piano 和photo,又是一个例外,他们的结尾只能加-s。
          e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。
          注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;
          f. deer,sheep等词更是懒得可以,竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people,police,cattle 等词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式,这就是集体名词。the English,the French,the  Chinese等名词表示国民总称时,也作复数用。
          注意:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾,仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国),the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。
          别奇怪,名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
          a. man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers, women teachers。
          b. 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:a ten-mile walk十里路,two-hundred trees 两百棵树。
          哇!这些问题好复杂,我好想轻松一下。那我们就轻轻松松地面对名词所有格问题。
          这里面内容可谓少之又少,可也不能小视呦。
          名词所有格:
          表示"……的"通常是在名词的后面加-s,如:Children's day,father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了,只需加 ' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,.则表示"分别有"。.如:John's and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示"共有"。如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。
          还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下,如:a map of China,the end of this term。
          好,名词部分我们已经学完,It's a piece of cake? 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,
          Are you ready?
          练习:
          1. All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there.
          A. women …girls
          B. women… girl
          C. woman…girls
          D. woman…girl
          2. Mr Black is a friend of _________.
          A. Jack's aunt's
          B. Jack's aunt
          C. Jack aunt's
          D. aunt's of Jack
          3. This toy was made by a ____ boy.
          A. ten-year-old
          B. ten-years-old
          C. ten-year-older
          D.ten-years-older
          4. The farmer raised ten _________.
          A. sheeps
          B. deers
          C. horse
          D. cows
          5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.
          A. her grandmother
          B. her grandmother's
          C. her grandmothers'
          D. that of her grandmother
          6. We have moved into a ________.
          A. two- storey house
          B. house of two storey
          C. two-storeys house
          D. two storeys house
          7. The ______ was too much for the child to carry.
          A. box's steel
          B. box of a steel
          C. steel box
          D. box of the steel
          8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________.
          A. the Teacher's Day
          B. Teacher's Day
          C. a Teacher's Day
          D. Teachers' Day
          9. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday.
          A. he
          B. him
          C. his
          D. her
          10. _________are big and bright.
          A. The classroom window
          B. The window of the classroom
          C. The windows of the classroom
          D. The classroom's windows
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发表于 2016-7-2 20:05:33 | 显示全部楼层

       
                       
          实战:
          1. Don't worry. Your son will come back in ______hour.
          A. a
          B. an
          C. the
          D. /
          2. This nice blouse isn't mine. It's ______.
          A. you
          B. your
          C. Lucy
          D. yours
          3. What's " potato" in Chinese? -It's _____ .
          A. 香蕉
          B. 大白菜
          C. 西红柿
          D. 土豆
          4. The ninth month of a year is _______.
          A. December
          B. November
          C. September
          D. October
          5. A: Must I leave now?
          B: No, you _______.
          A. needn't
          B. mustnt
          C. don't
          D. won't
          6. We have a history lesson ______Wednesday afternoon.
          A. on
          B. of
          C. at
          D. to
          7. Suan has made quite ______friends since she came to China.
          A. few
          B. a few
          C. little
          D. a little
          8. A: Have you ever ______to the West Lake?
          B: Yes, I ______there last winter.
          A. gone, went
          B. been, went
          C. gone , have been
          D. been, have
          9. Do you ________English?
          A. tell
          B. say
          C. talk
          D. speak
          10. A: May I _______your ruler?
          B: OK, I'm glad to _______it to you.
          A. lend, borrow
          B. lend, lend
          C. borrow , lend
          D. borrow, borrow
          11. We'll go to the museum if it _______tomorrow.
          A. can't rain
          B. won't rain
          C. don't rain
          D. doesn't rian
          12. Do you know ________?
          A. where does he study
          B. he studies where
          C. where he studies
          D. he where studies
          13. A: _______do you go to see your grandparents?
          B: Once a month
          A. How often
          B. How long
          C. how much
          D. how many
          14. A: Would you like another cup of orange?
          B: ______I'm full.
          A. No, thanks
          B. Yes, please.
          C. Here it is.
          D. I don't like.
          15. You must be tired. Why not ________a rest?
          A. to stop to have
          B. stop having
          C. stop to have
          D. to stop having
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