中考英语语法讲解第二讲—代词

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　　第2讲：代词
        　　我们刚刚讲完了名词，现在再来看看名词的brother-代词。它与名词的作用其实很相似，所担当的句中成分也相差不多。 但也别小看代词呀！它还有很多的"小个性"呢！只要抓住它的几个"小脾气"，那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。
        　　代词中第一个"小个性"就是物主代词。像my和mine这两个小冤家总是让人分不清谁是谁。但你只要记住它们最重要的区别-my的后面一定要接名词，不可以单独出现，只能做定语，如：my father；而 mine则是名词性，只能单独出现，在句中做主语和表语。如：Mine is green. It's mine. 记住这两个句子，凡是名词性物主代词（yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs）就都可以放在mine的位置上了。这样，通过它们出现的位置不同，我们就可以把它们区别开了。
        　　代词的第二个"罗嗦"就是它有一个小跟班－self(selves)-反身代词，也就是表示"自己、亲自"的意思。关于反身代词，需要注意的是她不能单独做主语，但可以放在人称代词后面，做同位语。　　　　如：Marry herself said so. 玛丽她自己这么说的。（不能说Herself said so.）下面我给你开点小灶，单独讲一讲须"特特"注意的地方。
        　　Of+名词性物主代词：of +物主代词构成双重所有格。公式为：a（an, this, that ）+名词+of +名词性物主代词。牢记公式，举一反三。因为物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no, each,every, such, another等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。如： a friend of mine（我的一个朋友），each brother of his（他的每一个兄弟）.
        　　some, any的用法：我们都知道some用于肯定句中，而any则用于否定句和疑问句中。 所以somebody，someone也用于肯定句中，而anybody、anyone则用于否定和疑问句中。
        　　注意：在Would youlike some coffee?（要来点咖啡吗？）这样的肯定疑问句中，说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时，用some而不用any。
        　　every 和each的用法：every 强调全体的概念，指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，不可单独使用；each强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)，可单独使用.。Every student in our school works hard.（我们学校的学生都很用功。） Each student may have one book.. （每个学生都可有一本书。）
        　　both, either, neither的用法：
        　　both意为"两者全都"，与复数连用。either意为"两者中间的任何一个"，neither 表示"两者之间一个也不是"，与单数连用。如：Both of the them come from London。他们两人都是伦敦人。 You may take either with you。 两个中间你随便带哪个都行。 Neither is correct。 两个都不对。
        　　Few，a few和little，a little的用法：
        　　Few，a few用来代替和修饰可数名词，little，a little用来代替和修饰不可数名词;a few和a little 着重肯定意思，相当于汉语"有几个"，"有一点儿"；few和little 着重否定意思，相当于汉语 "没有几个"，"没有多少"
        　　OK，代词部分我们已经学完，It's a piece of cake? 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，
        　　Are you ready?
        　　练习：
        　　1. We had plenty of paper but______ink.
        　　A. a few
        　　B. few
        　　C. not many
        　　D. not much
        　　2. Learning a foreign language is especially difficult for those who have have never learned ______before.
        　　A. one
        　　B. it
        　　C. them
        　　D. that
        　　3. We're very busy because we've so ______books to read and so _______homework to do every day.
        　　A. much ... many
        　　B. many ... much
        　　C. many ... a lot
        　　D. a lot ... much
        　　4. I thought ______of the matter but still couldn't find out the reason.
        　　A. every
        　　B. both
        　　C. nothing
        　　D. everything
        　　5. My car is not so expensive as ________.
        　　A. him
        　　B. he's
        　　C. he
        　　D. his
        　　6. Lily and Lucy have arrived，but _______students aren't here yet.
        　　A. other
        　　B. others
        　　C. the other
        　　D. the others
        　　7. There are high buildings on ______side of the street.
        　　A. both
        　　B. every
        　　C. any
        　　D.either
        　　8. －What do you usually have for breakfast?
        　　－______eggs and ______milk.
        　　A Little ... a few
        　　B. A little ... a little
        　　C. A few ... a little
        　　D. A few ... a few
        　　9. ______ is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.
        　　A. Something
        　　B. Anything
        　　C. Nothing
        　　D. Everything
        　　10. Is this story the same as ______in that book?
        　　A. the one
        　　B. what
        　　C. that
        　　D. it

zkone

       
                       
        　　实战：
        　　1. There is _________old woman in the car.
        　　A. 不填
        　　B. the
        　　C. a
        　　D. an
        　　2. We often go to the park _______Sundays.
        　　A. on
        　　B. in
        　　C. at
        　　D. from
        　　3. My book ________on the desk.
        　　A. is
        　　B. am
        　　C. are
        　　D. be
        　　4. Which language is ________, English, French or Chinese?
        　　A. difficult
        　　B. the difficult
        　　C. more difficult
        　　D. the most difficult
        　　5. －________book is this?
        　　－It's Kate's.
        　　A. when
        　　B. Why
        　　C. Where
        　　D. whose
        　　6.－Can you write a letter in English?
        　　－No, I _____.
        　　A. may not
        　　B. mustn't
        　　C. can't
        　　D. needn't
        　　7. I ________my homework when Mike came last night.
        　　A. do
        　　B. was doing
        　　C. am doing
        　　D. have done
        　　8. He began to ________English three years ago.
        　　A. learn
        　　B. learns
        　　C. learned
        　　D. learning
        　　9. Jim is a driver, _______he?
        　　A. does
        　　B. doesn't
        　　C. is
        　　D. isn't
        　　10. "What's wrong _________you?" the doctor asked.
        　　A. from
        　　B. with
        　　C. for
        　　D. at
        　　11. He is rich, ________he isn't happy.
        　　A. or
        　　B. so
        　　C. and
        　　D. but
        　　12.－Where is Alice?
        　　－She __________to the library.
        　　A. goes
        　　B. will go
        　　C. has gone
        　　D. had gone
        　　13. "Help _________to some fish, Mary." My aunt said to me.
        　　A. themselves
        　　B. ourselves
        　　C. yourself
        　　D. himself
        　　14. We'll stay at home if it ________tomorrow.
        　　A. rain
        　　B. rains
        　　C. is raining
        　　D. will rain
        　　15. The students _________on a farm for ten days. Then they_________to a factory.
        　　Though they_______back school, they still remember those farmers and workers.
        　　A. have stayed, went , was
        　　B. had stayed, go , are
        　　C. have stayed, go, have been
        　　D. have stayed, went, were