2014年上海中考英语改革解析——首字母

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★首字母SECTION 解题秘籍
        ▲答题步骤：
        –   阅读全文（粗读和细读）
        –   判断所缺单词词性
        –   填出使文章完整通顺的单词
        –   检查所填单词的数和时态
        ▲解题重点：
        –           词性（尤其是长句）；
        –           上下文；
        –           固定搭配
        –           积累高频词汇；复查语法
        ▲注意事项：
        1 会判断词性，具备分析句子的结构和成分能力
        2 关注细节（时态，语态，人称，名词单复数，形容词副词的级）
        3一般全文中5-6个单词相对比较简单，可顺利填出
        4 要学会猜测单词，不留空格
        5 不要在一时拿不定主意的词上纠缠
        ▲解题难点：
         考纲词汇生僻或冷门词汇；
        一词多义的词；
       
                实战秘籍揭示：

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                1.  关注特征题目
       
                I.     具特征：L_____,  H_____, S______,
       
                B______,A____........ ，……... .  或T___......,…..  . (前后半句有反意的信息) 果断填写
       
                （13普陀）It was quite difficult, and I had to study very hard. L   88   , I got a good mark in the exam in the end.
       
                   (13浦东一模)   H  __90__  , Ross Anderson, a computer security engineer at the University of Cambridge, thinks the i_ _91__  could put Microsoft in big trouble.
       
                (13浦东二模)   It’s not easy for us to forgive(原谅) someone who has ever hurt you or made you disappointed. H    86    , several new studies say that it could be good for your health.
       
                  (11上海)   B____96____, you need to make up a story.
       
                （13长宁）A___87___ he had not seen it for more than 20 years, he recognized it immediately.
       
                （13奉贤）A____89____ the Internet has made our world better in many ways, in some ways it can be a bad influence.
       
                II. 具特征much/even______     
       
                … than…                          加形容词比较级
       
                （13奉贤）The Internet makes it much e____86____ for people to search for information. （13松江）“Goods online are often much c _ 88_   . It also saves me a lot of time.
       
                (13杨浦) Some pop groups find that m  86    people listen to their songs on their mobile phones than they do on CDs. So many people have mobile phones that sometimes you don’t know when your phone rings.
       
                （13杨浦二模）When there is only one parent, of course the responsibilities of looking after the children are much h____89____ for him or her.
       
                III. 具特征w______ doing       i______ of doing
       
                (13崇明)  You will be able to review your teacher’s lecture w___92___ even getting online again.
       
                （崇明二模）One family in the UK went “back in time” to see what life was like w  96      having all the modern inventions.
       
                IV. 具特征w______ A or B      e______ A or B
       
                （中考模拟）In this way, they could find out w_______ the stranger was a friend or an enemy.
       
                （13闸北二模）In all, 50% of Wayview students get to school in a vehicle, e  88   the bus or a car.
       
                V.  关注转折词  in fact, but, however 一般前后意思相反
       
                （崇明二模）“Life is speeding up. Everyone is becoming unwell.” This may sound like something someone would say t   92    . But in fact, an unknown person who lived in Rome in AD 53 wrote it.
       
                VI.  具颠覆整句句意的词：h____, s_____, r_____
       
                (中考模拟) 80% British people who take part in the survey feel that their neighbours h_____ pay attention to others’ feelings.   
       
                （12徐汇）“I don’t see what’s so interesting about these hutongs. The streets are too narrow--- I could h___91___ drive my car down them.
       
                (12静安)At home, girls learned washing, cooking, dancing, and the basics of taking care of a household. Poor children s  91    attended school.
       
                （13虹口二模）I like driving, just out of pleasure. It’s lucky that I s________ drive without a passenger. So I can earn three or four thousand yuan a month easily.
       
                VII. 具修饰整句子的副词: r_____, e_____
       
                (中考模拟)But have all these developments r   93    improved the quality of our lives?
       
                (12浦东)Nobody knows e   88   how many Hutongs there are in nowadays Beijing.
       
                 

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                2.             注意平行结构  
       
                A and B   特点   1词性相同   II意思相近or 相反
       
                变式：逗号, or, but, better than, rather than, from A to B
       
                （13普陀）I got on the plane with ten other passengers. We took off from the runway and c   90    higher and higher.
       
                （13奉贤）But remember to use the Internet p____92____ and wisely.
       
                （13崇明）In an online classroom your teacher’s lecture is written rather than s___88_____.
       
                  (12上海)    Cycling with a large guided group is better than r____92 ____ alone.
       
                 (12 黄浦)   Later, I knew an exam was a kind of competition. In competitions, there are always w   90    and losers.
       
                （13浦东一模）Microsoft is developing a new software that could accurately guess your name, your age, your s   87   and possibly even your location.
       
                （11杨浦）“Don’t throw out your o  93   running shoes. They are better than modern ones,” the study suggests.
       
                （13浦东二模）They also have fewer headaches, l    90    blood pressure(血压), and fewer problems on sleeping.
       
                 (12宝山)It has one hundred and three levels and six thousand five hundred windows. Visitors can ride in one of seventy-three elevators that take them from the b__87__ to very near the top of the building. Some of these elevators are very fast, reaching the eightieth floor in only forty-five seconds.

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                3．合理判断词性(动词注意时态，名词注意单复数)
       
                ★名词
       
                （12浦东）But if we connected all the Hutongs together, their total l   89  would even be longerthan the famous Great Wall, which is about 4,000 miles.
       
                （13静安二模）You can even look on the Internet at sites such as E-bay. Or you can have an e  92   of things you have for something else that you would like to have.
       
                ★形容词
       
                （13普陀）My parents visited space last year, but I was too y   86    to go with them.
       
                I admit that for a few seconds I felt a little n   91    when I sat in the space shuttle.
       
                （12静安）In the Renaissance Period (文艺复兴时期) (1500-1650), people became interested in higher education. They wanted to learn the a  86    languages such as Greek and Latin – languages that were used in the old times, and study mathematics, science, and so on. Many universities were set up during the 16th century.
       
                (11静安)Don’t feel worried. It’s not your fault（过错）! Being bullied can make you feel very l  93___ and angry, but you are not alone.
       
                （13闵行二模）In the Northeast and Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble because of the c____86____ weather in February or March.
       
                （13闵行二模）Low air pressure (压力) may make people f____91____. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low air pressure days.
       
                (12徐汇)“It’s really s___87___ --- we’re in the middle of one of the biggest cities in the world, but in these hutongs it feels as if we are in a village in the countryside.

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                ★动词原形OR一.过
       
                （13松江一模）“Middle school students should pay more attention to their study. Searching for things  w  92    their time.”
       
                （13闸北一模）Many online stores o  87   abig discount(打折) and free delivery service.
        (13浦东二模)On the other hand, studies p    87    that something like anger can change you
        （12静安二模）University education was a privilege (特权) of the rich. Girls were not allowed to attend and poor people could not a 87   to go.
       
                ★动词过去分词（被动语态）特征：be动词+V(P.P)+ (by)
       
                （13松江二模）Beyond supermarkets, barcodes are n  89    everywhere: for renting cars, for luggage checks on a plane, for parcels you send;
       
                （13闵行二模）Are you feeling sad, tired, unhappy or hard to remember things today? If you have one of the above feelings, it may be c____92____ by weather because weather influences people’s health, intelligence and feelings.
       
                （12黄浦二模）In Africa, when an antelope (羚羊) wakes up every morning, the first thing it thinks about is, “I must be able to run faster than the fastest lion, or I will be
       
                k   86   .”
       
                （12静安二模）He might study at different universities and since( 既然) the teaching was all d 88  inLatin, it didn’t matter(v. = be important )  which country he studied in.
       
                （13长宁二模）In many countries, oral storytelling is still important, but in most countries now, stories are written down and p    88      in books.
       
                ★副词
       
                （13长宁）The package consisted of a long, narrow box, c___86___wrapped(包装) in brown paper.
       
                （13闸北）Young students are e  91   attracted by advertisements on the Internet and buy things they don’t need.
       
                 ★疑问词
       
                （13闸北）“I like eating duck neck very much and I often buy it on Taobao from shops in Wuhan. It’s much more delicious than w  90   our local stores sell.”
       
                （13杨浦）Now you can have a different sound for every person you know. Your address book is used to find out w  91   is calling.
       
                （12松江）Now speaking the foreign language is w   87    most people want.

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                4.             注意固定搭配
       
                pay a_____ to 关注           f_______ on an interesting person  关注一个有趣的人   
       
                a_____ wine to the recipe  把红酒加入菜谱
       
                by h______用手写        be on s_____ 大甩卖   to my s_______ 让我吃惊的是   
       
                be so d_____ from  与…如此不同     be the s______ as  与…相同
       
                It o           us good opportunities to meet people from other countries, learn about their c_____ and c_______.  它给我们提供和其他国家人见面，学习他们的文化和习俗的好机会
       
                in p_____ 在公众场合         financially i________ 经济独立
       
                have no i______ in following fashion 对追逐时尚不感兴趣—> show great i_____ in…
       
                be l_____ / c_____  to … 连接到。。。      B____,= In a_____, 除此之外
       
                b_____ A and B  在两者之间     l______ traffic 交通通畅
       
                be n_____ about  对。。。紧张   he feels so f______ 感到如此惊恐
       
                be p_____ with 对。。。耐心      be c_____ with 对。。。小心（13杨浦）
       
                make their teachers feel w_______ 使他们的老师感到担忧
       
                think about c_____ for help  想到求助他人
       
                be more l______ to do  更有可能做        keep his p______  信守诺言
       
                a_____ the world= t_______ the world  整个世界
       
                share many life e_________  分享很多生活经历
       
                get into the h______  养成习惯    sth. you are f______ with 你所熟悉的。。。
       
                do r______ on the Internet 在网上做调查   be f______ for 以… 而著名
       
                be f_____ of =be k_____ on喜爱  be a_____ with sb. 对… 生气  be m____ up of 由…组成
       
                be l_____ in/on 坐落于…   be p____/s______ with 对…满意
       
                have a s    _      of public manners 有公共道德的意识
       
                do something in e_______  做些事作为交换
       
                to my s_______ 让我感到惊奇的是
       
                travel for s_______  观光旅行
       
                search for the a_____/k______ to the mysteries of space  寻找太空秘密的答案