中考英语阅读理解实用解题技巧

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　　中考英语阅读理解题的实用技巧
       
        　　1. 保持良好的精神状态。良好的精神状态对于考场上的考生来说非常重要。因为只有在心理放松的情况下，考生的精力才能够集中，思维才会敏捷，从而才能将自己的真实水平发挥出来。
       
        　　2. 抓住中心句。阅读短文之前，先看短文是否有标题。若有，应给予高度重视。因为标题是文章主题的高度凝聚，它能给我们启发和想象，有利于加深对短文的理解，从而提高做题效率。另外，在没有标题的情况下，应充分重视短文的首、尾句。因为大多数文章都是按照"总---分---总"的结构布局的。据统计，英语中有60%-90%的主题句位于段首和段尾，短文的其他文字往往是对这些中心句的解释和说明。
       
        　　3. 克服不良习惯，提高阅读速度。由于考试的时间有限，在保证不出偏差的前提下，一定要尽可能地提高阅读速度。倘若能注意克服以下不良习惯，就可以大大提高阅读速度：①心读。考场上不能出声阅读，于是有的考生就在心里读，有时考生的嘴唇也在动。这是非常不好的习惯，一定要下决心克服。因为这样做会直接制约着阅读速度的提高；②回视(指重新阅读上文)。阅读中的回视是一种无效劳动，所以应一口气把文章读完，尽量不要回视。这坏习惯是慢慢形成的，不是一朝一夕就能克服掉的。在平时的学习中就应当引起注意并加以克服；③一个词一个词地看。阅读时，视线应从左向右跳跃式移动，着重扫描意群，同时注意意群中的重要单词，以寻求主要的语言信息。可将冠词、系动词、助动词及不定式符号等小品词一扫而过，不可一词不漏地全部都看一遍；④只读不记。正确的做法是：一边阅读一边用笔记下或标出那些与文后所设问题有关的信息。这样，在做题时就用不着重新查阅短文，至少不用一句一句地再寻找那些隐约有印象的信息，从而可以节省一些时间。
       
        　　4. 判断要有依据，推理要顺乎作者的意图。对于推理性或评价性之类的阅读理解题目，在材料中一般是找不到现成答案的，必须通读全篇，对所获信息加以筛选、提炼、推断，对作者的思想倾向，对文中提及的人物或事件可能产生的结局等，加以综合考虑才能得出正确结论。对这种题，不能以偏概全，不能"只见树木，不见森林"，不能以个人的想法代替作者的意图。
       
        　　5. 遇到生词时，一定要沉着、冷静。中考英语试题中，一般是不会盲目地出现生词的，但不排除出现影响答题的生词，同时也可能出现猜测生词的题目，因为猜测词义也是阅读能力的体现，当然也在考查范围之列。遇到这种题目，只要理解了全篇材料的大部分内容，弄清了上、下文之间的内在联系，判断出它在文中可能存在的含义是不难的。英语中猜测词义的方法很多。如：
       
        　　(1)根据上、下文进行猜测。这是最重要，也是最常用的方法。有些生词可以通过上下文的相关信息，或根据同位语，修饰语等猜测词义。例如：
       
        　　The people who survived the earthquake cried bitterly over the bodies of their relatives.
       
        　　【分析】一般来说，中考"阅读理解"题中的"词义猜测"，并不要求考生根据构词法去分析单词的词义，而是要求考生根据文中的有关信息对生词的词义进行推断性的猜测。联系上下文，不难看出：这些人的亲属死了，他们在哭，显然他们在地震中"survive"了。这个词不就是"幸存"之意吗？可见，这种词义猜测也是建立在对上下文的正确理解之上的。又如：
       
        　　The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting.
       
        　　【分析】下文中的短语came together意思是"聚到一起"，由此可以推断出学生们是"聚集到"学校大厅里听运动会的结果的。故该词的意思是"聚集"。
       
        　　(2)利用构词法进行猜测。英语的构词法大致可分为派生、转化和合成等。例如：
       
        　　Man differs from most from all the other animals in their ability to learn and use languages.
       
        　　【分析】不难发现，本句中的生词differ跟different是同根词，搭配也是from，其前有man，其后有animals，根据这些信息可以断定动词differ此处有"和……不相同"、"与……存在差别"之意。
       
        　　这里要特别强调一点，大部分阅读题目在设计过程中，已充分考虑到了生词对答题的影响。对于那些对答题无关紧要的生词，如人名、地名、产品商标名称或影视剧目名称等，一般是不加注汉语的，只要能推断出那些生词的类别就可以了，不必弄清其准确含义。对于那些一时难以断定其意思又不妨碍理解的生词，大可不必理会。
       
        　　另外，熟词新义也是应当引起重视的。英语词语往往具有一词多义，在不同的场合它所表达的意思就不一定相同。如果仅仅用它的主要或常用的词义来理解一篇文章，就可能产生误解，或者根本无法了解作者的意图。如果一时间想不起该词的其他含义，可根据上下文来判断该词的词义。特别是那些关键词，必须仔细推敲。

zkone

       
                    
       
        　　●实战训练●
       
        　　A
       
        　　Have you ever heard of e-books? E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read.
       
        　　How does the e-book work?
       
        　　First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you want. There are thousands of books provided by different websites on the Internet. Then download the books you like on to your e-book. You can download about 10 books at a time. Now you can just sit back and enjoy yourself reading.
       
        　　Compared with ordinary books, e-books have many advantages. First of all, e-books save space. You can put as many as 10 books into a thing no bigger than a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere. You can renew reading materials in your e-book as many times as you like. With the development of e-book technology, probably an e-library will appear. Then you just take your e-books there and download what you want to read. You no longer need to worry about whether your books are over-due or not.
       
        　　根据短文内容，选择可以完成句子的最佳答案。
       
        　　1. E-books are ________.
       
        　　A. electronic books
       
        　　B. no larger than an ordinary book
       
        　　C. very popular in big city
       
        　　D. A, B and C
       
        　　2. First, you ________.
       
        　　A. call up websites on your computer
       
        　　B. read books that you want
       
        　　C. turn on your e-book
       
        　　D. download the books you like
       
        　　3. You can download ________ books at a time.
       
        　　A. two                     B. ten                      C. twelve                   D. twenty
       
        　　4. E-books ________.
       
        　　A. save space                                     B. save money
       
        　　C. look like a pocket radio                     D. carry it easily
       
        　　5. There must be an ________ in the future.
       
        　　A. e-book                 B. e-mail                 C. e-library                    D. e-house

zkfour

       
                    
       
        　　B
       
        　　Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a "space place" model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space.
       
        　　Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane. The US company helped the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip. C-21 would offer tourists a small glimpse of space. The aircraft, carrying a pilot and two passengers, will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air. Once released from the carrier, the ship's own rocket will send it to a height of over 96 kilometers for three minutes of weightlessness. Then C-21 will slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane. The entire flight will only take about an hour.(from www.zkenglish.com)
       
        　　仔细阅读短文，补上每个句子中所缺的词，使句意完整，语句连贯。
       
        　　6. A ________ company would give tourists the ________ to spend an hour in space.
       
        　　7. About 100 people are ________ to spend $100,000 for ________ on the C-21 plane.
       
        　　8. Dennis Tito is the first ________ ________. He have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip in space.
       
        　　9. A ________ and two ________ will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane.
       
        　　10. C-21 will ________ back into the atmosphere and ________ like an ordinary plane.

zkthree

       
                    
       
        　　C
       
        　　Once a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off. Down came the boy!
       
        　　This is just a story. But it tells us that man has always dreamed of flying. In 1783, this dream came true. Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon. It rose a thousand feet high.
       
        　　It took almost 100 years for men to move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s. It was a powered balloon.
       
        　　In North Carolina of America, less than twenty-five years later, the Wright Brothers flew the first airplane. This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet.
       
        　　根据短文内容，选择能回答所提问题的最佳答案。
       
        　　11. Why did the boy come down from the sky? Because ________.
       
        　　A. he covered his arms with feathers
       
        　　B. he used wax to keep the feathers on
       
        　　C. he flew too close to the sun
       
        　　D. the wax melted and the feathers came off
       
        　　12. Who invented the hot-air balloon?
       
        　　A. Two French brothers.              B. the Wright Brothers.
       
        　　C. Benjamin Franklin.                 D. Einstein.
       
        　　13.When was the first airship invented?
       
        　　A. In the late 1900s.                                          B. About 100 years ago.
       
        　　C. A and B.                                                                   D. Many years ago.
       
        　　14. How about the first airplane?
       
        　　A. The Wright Brothers invented the first airplane.
       
        　　B. It flew less than half a minute and a few feet high.
       
        　　C. This first flight was in 1903.
       
        　　D. It was born in North Carolina of America.
       
        　　【答案与解析】
       
        　　1. D。根据E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read 可知答案为D。
       
        　　2. A。根据First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you want可知答案为A。
       
        　　3. B。根据You can download about 10 books at a time(你每次大约能下载10本书)就能确定答案。
       
        　　4. A。根据First of all, e-books save space. You can put as many as 10books into a thing no bigger than a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere(首先，电子书节省空间，你能放10本书进入比口袋收音机大不多的一件东西里，且可携带到任何地方去)可确定答案。
       
        　　5. C。根据With the development of e-book technology, probably an e-library will appear(随着电子书技术的发展，电子图书馆就会应运而生)就能确定答案。
       
        　　6. Russian, chance。根据Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a "space place" model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space(人类渴望开发太空旅游市场, 一家俄罗斯公司提出一项"太空住所" 样式，将给旅游者提供1小时在太空潇洒的机会)足能敲定要填的词(from www.zkenglish.com)。
       
        　　7. eager, flying。根据Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane (任何能负担得起大约10万美元的人都能体验飞行时之失重状态，约有100人已经预定了飞向太空的C-21 型飞机的座位)足能敲定要填的词。
       
        　　8. space tourist。根据The US company helped the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip(美国公司帮助第一位太空旅行者丹尼斯·提托安全飞行到太空站上，据提托说他付了两千万美元旅行了8天)足能敲定要填的词。
       
        　　9. pilot, passengers。根据The aircraft, carrying a pilot and two passengers, will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air(载一个飞行员和两名乘客的太空船安放在一架航空母舰上，一直飞行到17,100米的高度)足能敲定要填的词。
       
        　　10. slide, land。根据Then C-21 will slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane(然后C-21就滑回到大气层中，像一架普通飞机着陆到地面上)足能敲定要填的词。
       
        　　11. D。根据 Once a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off (从前, 一个胳膊上绑着羽毛的男孩想飞向蓝天。他用蜡把羽毛粘在胳膊上，由于飞得离太阳太近，蜡融化了，羽毛脱落了) 显然, 选项A和选项B都不是原因，选项C是原因，选项D才是最佳答案。
       
        　　12. A。根据 Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon(两个法国兄弟发明了热气球)就能确定选项。
       
        　　13. C。根据 It took almost 100 years for men to move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s可知答案选C。
       
        　　14. B。根据This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet(1903年诞生了第一架飞机，飞行不到半分钟，仅飞了几英尺高)可知答案选B。